Other Maltwood sculptures exploring spiritual and mystical subject matter may be viewed in public spaces on the University of Victoria campus including an installation of Mills of God (1919) and Buddha’s Path of Enlightenment (1929) in the atrium of the University Club and the monumental alabaster sculpture The Holy Grail (1922) installed outside the Legacy Maltwood Gallery in the Mearns Centre for Learning –McPherson Library. [ref] In-depth descriptions and analysis of these and other of Maltwood’s work can be found in Rosemary Brown’s book Katharine Emma Maltwood Artist 1878-1961.[/ref]

Maltwood’s interest in Arthurian legends and her own discovery and promotion of the “Glastonbury Zodiac,” a massive earthworks creation in the Somerset landscape, further parallels the interests of artists and writers associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement. The medieval legends of King Arthur experienced a revival in popularity at this time, inspiring 19th century writers such as Alfred Lord Tennyson and artists including Burne-Jones and Rosetti. Her search for the Holy Grail came to represent a spiritual quest for understanding of the place of the individual in the larger harmony of the natural world. In many ways Maltwood’s research became an extension of her artistic interests.

“Somerset Zodiac” c. 1930-1940, Katharine Emma Maltwood, 170cm diameter, painted wooden relief, bequest of John and Katharine Maltwood.

Maltwood claimed to have discovered the Zodiac in 1925 while living at Chilton Poldon, Somerset. This area is the site of the Glastonbury Tor, a terraced hill with evidence
of human settlements dating to the Iron Age. It is topped by a ruin of the 14th century St. Michael’s Church and is a site rich in mythological and spiritual associations.[ref]“Tor” is an English word referring to a high rock or hill, deriving from the Old English, torr. The origin of the name “Glastonbury” is not clear, but a settlement was first recorded in the late 7th and early 8th centuries, when it was called Glestingaburg, possibly deriving from a Celtic name of a person or kindred group known as Glast. The site is rich in speculation as to how and why it was formed and has a rich mythology, believed by some to be the Avalon of Arthurian legend. [/ref] At the time Maltwood had been studying this literature and was particularly interested in Joseph of Arimathea’s journey to Glastonbury, where he is purported to have founded the earliest Christian oratory. [ref]During the late 12th century, Joseph of Arithmea became connected with the Arthurian cycle, appearing in them as the first keeper of the Holy Grail. This idea first appears in Robert de Boron’s Joseph d’Arimathie, in which Joseph receives the Grail from an apparition of Jesus and sends it with his followers to Britain. This theme is elaborated upon in Boron’s sequels and in subsequent Arthurian works penned by others. Later retellings of the story contend that Joseph of Arimathea himself travelled to Britain and became the first Christian bishop in the British Isles[/ref] Maltwood traced the location and events of King Arthur’s quest for the Holy Grail using a Norman-French manuscript The High History of the Holy Grail, (translated by Sebastian Evans in 1910), whose unknown author clearly described the Glastonbury terrain and Glastonbury Abbey as the source of his story. Using this narrative Katharine Maltwood traced her own map of the adventures of King Arthur and arrived at the idea that the creatures that the knights battled (such as Leo, Orion, the Ram, the Fish, the Phoenix) were laid out in the landscape as giant earthworks, covering a diameter of ten miles. She believed that the knights represented hunting gods of earlier times and were “Christian reincarnations of the gods they quested. Sir Lancelot showing all the characteristics of the Lion, King Arthur of the sun-god Hercules, Sir Gawain of the Ram, etc.” [ref]Harwood Steele “The Somerset Giants,” Country Life (January 11, 1946), 67 quoted in Rosemary Brown, 40.[/ref]She also consulted numerous detailed ordinance survey maps and astronomical figures to construct precise outlines of the Zodiac. In the 1930s she commissioned her own aerial surveys of the area. She published a number of books on her findings, and spent the last 30 years of her life lecturing and writing extensively on the subject.[ref] These books are held at the University of Victoria Special Collections and Libraries: A Guide to Glastonbury’s Temple of the Stars (1934); Air View Supplement to A Guide To Glastonbury’s Temple of the Stars (1937); The Enchantments of Britain or King Arthur’s Round Table of the Stars (1944); King Arthur’s Round Table of the Zodiac (1946). A part of the Maltwood papers includes a “black cotton bag” which Maltwood herself assembled with key pieces that she felt represented her research. The bag included a typed note, “THIS COLLECTION OF MAPS and BOOKS must be kept safe, it will be of the greatest value some day… it would be better to seal up this old bible box with all its contents.” [/ref]